项目部署

1. Docker 部署

1.1 服务 Dockerfile

FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jre-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY pom.xml .
COPY src ./src

RUN apk add --no-cache maven && \
    mvn clean package -DskipTests

FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jre-alpine

WORKDIR /app

RUN addgroup -S spring && adduser -S spring -G spring
USER spring:spring

COPY --from=builder /app/target/*.jar app.jar

EXPOSE 8080

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=60s --retries=3 \
    CMD wget -q --spider http://localhost:8080/actuator/health || exit 1

ENTRYPOINT ["java", \
    "-Xms256m", \
    "-Xmx512m", \
    "-XX:+UseContainerSupport", \
    "-XX:MaxRAMPercentage=75.0", \
    "-jar", "app.jar"]

1.2 Docker Compose 完整配置

version: '3.8'

services:
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: password
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
    networks:
      - ecommerce-network

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    networks:
      - ecommerce-network

  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3-management
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
    networks:
      - ecommerce-network

  nacos:
    image: nacos/nacos-server:v2.3.0
    environment:
      MODE: standalone
    ports:
      - "8848:8848"
    networks:
      - ecommerce-network

  zipkin:
    image: openzipkin/zipkin
    ports:
      - "9411:9411"
    networks:
      - ecommerce-network

  gateway-service:
    build:
      context: ./gateway-service
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker
      - SPRING_CLOUD_NACOS_DISCOVERY_SERVER_ADDR=nacos:8848
    depends_on:
      - nacos
      - redis
    networks:
      - ecommerce-network

  user-service:
    build:
      context: ./user-service
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "8081:8081"
    environment:
      - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker
      - SPRING_CLOUD_NACOS_DISCOVERY_SERVER_ADDR=nacos:8848
      - SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL=jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/user_db
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - nacos
    networks:
      - ecommerce-network

  product-service:
    build:
      context: ./product-service
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "8082:8082"
    environment:
      - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker
      - SPRING_CLOUD_NACOS_DISCOVERY_SERVER_ADDR=nacos:8848
      - SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL=jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/product_db
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - nacos
      - redis
    networks:
      - ecommerce-network

  order-service:
    build:
      context: ./order-service
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "8083:8083"
    environment:
      - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker
      - SPRING_CLOUD_NACOS_DISCOVERY_SERVER_ADDR=nacos:8848
      - SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL=jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/order_db
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - nacos
      - rabbitmq
    networks:
      - ecommerce-network

networks:
  ecommerce-network:
    driver: bridge

volumes:
  mysql_data:

1.3 启动服务

# 构建所有服务
docker-compose build

# 启动所有服务
docker-compose up -d

# 查看服务状态
docker-compose ps

# 查看日志
docker-compose logs -f gateway-service

# 停止所有服务
docker-compose down

2. Kubernetes 部署

2.1 Namespace

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ecommerce

2.2 ConfigMap

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: user-service-config
  namespace: ecommerce
data:
  application.yaml: |
    spring:
      datasource:
        url: jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/user_db
        username: root
      jpa:
        hibernate:
          ddl-auto: update
    app:
      config:
        name: user-service

2.3 Secret

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: user-service-secret
  namespace: ecommerce
type: Opaque
stringData:
  database-password: password
  jwt-secret: your-jwt-secret-key

2.4 Deployment

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: user-service
  namespace: ecommerce
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: user-service
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: user-service
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: user-service
        image: myregistry/user-service:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8081
        env:
        - name: SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE
          value: "k8s"
        - name: SPRING_DATASOURCE_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: user-service-secret
              key: database-password
        - name: JWT_SECRET
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: user-service-secret
              key: jwt-secret
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "1Gi"
            cpu: "500m"
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /actuator/health/liveness
            port: 8081
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          periodSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /actuator/health/readiness
            port: 8081
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 5
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config
          mountPath: /config
          readOnly: true
      volumes:
      - name: config
        configMap:
          name: user-service-config

2.5 Service

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: user-service
  namespace: ecommerce
spec:
  selector:
    app: user-service
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8081
  type: ClusterIP

2.6 Ingress

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ecommerce-ingress
  namespace: ecommerce
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:
  rules:
  - host: api.example.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /users
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: user-service
            port:
              number: 80
      - path: /products
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: product-service
            port:
              number: 80
      - path: /orders
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: order-service
            port:
              number: 80

2.7 HPA

apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: user-service-hpa
  namespace: ecommerce
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: user-service
  minReplicas: 2
  maxReplicas: 10
  metrics:
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: cpu
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 70
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: memory
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 80

3. CI/CD 流水线

3.1 GitHub Actions

name: Build and Deploy

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    
    - name: Set up JDK 21
      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
      with:
        java-version: '21'
        distribution: 'temurin'
    
    - name: Build with Maven
      run: mvn clean package -DskipTests
    
    - name: Run tests
      run: mvn test
    
    - name: Build Docker images
      run: |
        docker build -t myregistry/user-service:${{ github.sha }} ./user-service
        docker build -t myregistry/product-service:${{ github.sha }} ./product-service
        docker build -t myregistry/order-service:${{ github.sha }} ./order-service
    
    - name: Push Docker images
      run: |
        docker push myregistry/user-service:${{ github.sha }}
        docker push myregistry/product-service:${{ github.sha }}
        docker push myregistry/order-service:${{ github.sha }}

  deploy:
    needs: build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    
    - name: Deploy to Kubernetes
      run: |
        kubectl set image deployment/user-service \
          user-service=myregistry/user-service:${{ github.sha }} \
          -n ecommerce
        kubectl set image deployment/product-service \
          product-service=myregistry/product-service:${{ github.sha }} \
          -n ecommerce
        kubectl set image deployment/order-service \
          order-service=myregistry/order-service:${{ github.sha }} \
          -n ecommerce

4. 小结

本章完成了项目部署：

内容	要点
Docker 部署	Dockerfile、Docker Compose
Kubernetes 部署	Deployment、Service、Ingress、HPA
CI/CD	GitHub Actions、自动化部署

下一章将学习性能优化。